INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
There are some ways to express ideas, especially in a literary work. There is a literary work that brings us to the world of dreams and takes us away from reality. It has to be contrasted with a literary work that needs our interpretations. Literature is a personal expression of feeling including experience, idea, motivation, confidence in the concrete description by using language. Novel is a part of prose form beside short story. The most of people read novel and short story. A novel expresses some aspect of human’s love and existence. Because novel talks about human activities and describes what happened in surrounding, so it is written in long composition. Novel is generally thought of as containing about forty five thousand words or more (Kenney, 1966; 103). So novel is longer narrative than short story and novella.
The above goals can be accessed through analyzing and understanding toward the literary works, novel. What we should bear in mind is that the literature is social phenomenon. It is closely related to the writer, the readers and human life that are described in the story. This product of society which is assumed as social phenomenon and is valued not only lies on its creation side, but also on its content. Perhaps it can be said that the literature occurs from social reaction of writer that the faces in his society to which encourage him to write the story. Thus, to study the literary works means to learn a social life. It means that the work of literary is an understanding about beings, life, culture, ideology, character as well as the issues the comprehensively pertains in human life (Semi, 1993:33).
Regarding to the above facts, Budi Darma, one of the novelist has represented various visions and outlooks of life in his works. One of his popular works is “Olenka” novel which portrays many phenomenon of life. One of the most well-known novels written by Budi Darma is “Olenka”
As literary work, Olenka can be classified into some characteristic and psychology, didactic, values, non-religious, social, and life style. It appears that the novel based on many plot style and story in which characteristic and psychology values contains about a obsession in the main characteristic that is discussed in the arrangement of coherent beautiful language and American condition background but still use language Indonesia so that the reader find it easier to understand the message revealing in the novel and used it as venues in having the broadness of knowledge in comprehensively studying literatures realm that what they probably haven’t studied before.
1.2 Problem of the Research
The probelem of the research are explained as follows:
1. What kinds of obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
2. How is the concept of obsession as reflected in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
1.3 Purpose of the research
According to the above research question, the purpose of the researches are as the following:
1. To described kinds of obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
2. To explain the concept of obsession as reflected in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma
1.4 Scope of the research
With the broadness of the research in this novel, the researcher tries to limit the research by discusing or analyzing the concept of obsession containing in the novel of “Olenka“.
1.5 The significance of the research
3. Theorically, the result of this literary research can be used as a means to understand the concept of obsession.
4. Practically, the result of this research is intended to be a reference for another researcher to work on literature.
1.6 Definition of the key terms
1. Novel
Novel is a popular form of literature, in which fictional depictions of life and events are described in written prose. It derives from Italian word, novella which means for new, news, or short story of something new. Novel is long written prose which consist of more than 40.000 words and is more complex than short story with the unlimited of neither structural nor metrical.
A novel is a long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century.
The further definition of the genre is historically difficult. Most of the criteria (such as artistic merit, fictionality, a design to create an epic totality of life, a focus on history and the individual) are arbitrary and designed to raise further debates over qualities that will supposedly separate great works of literature from a wider and lower "trivial" production. The debates reach back into an early modern discussion of fiction and into simultaneous attempts to redefine the task history in the modern societies. A new field of literature was eventually defined in the 18th century in order to give works of "art" a place of their own – a place novel defend with a focus on the individual and more individualistic narratives. The personal memory and the autobiography are the closest relatives as essentially personal though not necessarily individualistic histories.
Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter), and therefore the academic study of literature is known as Letters (as in the phrase "Arts and Letters"). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and nonfiction
2. A human
Anthropologists define human beings by their use of language, their organization in complex societies, and their development of technology, and especially by their ability to form groups and institutions for mutual support and assistance.
Juvenile males are known as boys and adult males as men. Juvenile females are known as girls and adult females as women. Human beings are commonly referred to individually as persons or people and collectively as man, mankind, humanity, or the human race, while humans is used both for the collective and for individuals.
3. Obsession
Obsession, from Latin obsidere (to besiege), is a form of insanity caused, according to traditional belief, by the persistent attack of an invading spirit from outside the individual. Obsession is the opposite of possession, control by an invading spirit from within. Both, however, involve the usurpation of the person's individuality and control of the body by a foreign and discarnate entity
1.7 Review of the related literature
Theories are considered necessary in making an analysis in every field of study. In the study of literary works, theories are importan to understand more about the topic. By understand the topic, the reader will enjoys the story more and also appreciate a literary works better. Without knowing the main point or the story of a literary work, the reader will not fell and touch the beauties of a literary work which means he would not recognize the value of a literary work. So, in order to comprehend the story of the novel Olenka by Budi Darma that writer analyze, writer apply some theorist that will help to make the analysis clearer. In this session, the writer explains in details about the related variables underlying in this research.
7.1 Literary theory and literature
One of the fundamental questions of literary theory is "what is literary "?, though many contemporary theorists and literary scholars believe either that “literature” cannot be defined or that it can refer to any use of language. Specific theories are distinguished not only by their methods and conclusions, but even by how they define a “text”. For some scholars of literature, “texts” comprises little more than “books belonging to the western literary canon.” But the principles and methods of literary theory have been applied to non-fiction, popular fiction, film, historical documents, law advertising, etc., in the related field of cultural studies. In fact, some scholars within cultural studies treat cultural events, like fashion or football riots, as “texts” to be interpreted. By this measure, literary theory can be thought of as the general theory of interpretation.
Since theorist of literature often drawn on very heterogeneous tradition of continental philosophy and the philosophy of language, any classification of their approaches is only an approximation. There are many “schools” or types of literary theory, which take different approaches to understanding texts. Most theorists, even among those listed below, combine methods from more than one of these approaches (for instance, the deconstructive approach of Paul de Man drew on a ling tradition of close reading pioneered by the New Critics, and de Man was trained in the European hermeneutic tradition).
7.2 Theory and the Concept of Obsession
The second theory used is concept of obsession. According to Longman dictionary of English language and culture, obsession comes from the word obsess, means to completely fill the mind of someone so that no attentions given to other matters. While the word obsession means fixed and often unreasonable idea, which the mind is continually concerned. In other word, obsession is affixed mind that always occurs in somebody’s mind so that there are no other subject occurs. Obsession is sometimes influenced by the emotional interpretation. Moreover, the emotional interpretation appears to be a complicated function of their experiences and their current life situation. Usually people when experiencing this feeling tend to think on negative ways rather than the positive ones (Atkinson & Hilgard 1953:342). According to Dennis Coon in his book introduction to Psychology: Exploration and Application an obsessions means recurring irrational or disturbing thoughts a person can not prevent. It means that a person with an obsession is not able to prevent himself from thoughts that make him obsessed. A more serious obsession may haunt a person for months or years. A single thought always repeats itself over and over despite all attempts to stop it. (kalat 1990:625) so he concludes that an obsession is a repetitive, unwelcome stream of thought.
1.8 Research Methodology
The methodology of the study is explained as follows:
8.1 Design of the research
This research is conducted through hermeneutic method, which is consist of three parts; understanding, interpreting and applying a text (hartoko, 1986:57). The structure of the text has the signifying system. Futhermore, this signifying system constitute of two aspects; the signifier is a formal form that is used as an indicator, like wise signified is a term that is occupied by signifier or its meaning ( Rahmat, 1995:120)
The connection between signifier and signified are indicated by the appearance of arbitary system. This relation is also called as symbol in which its connection is determined by convention. According to Charles Sander pierce, symbol is thought as the signal that reveals the issues existing in the society. The signifier and signified is out of the similarity or closeness, but it is formed by convention (Burhan, 1995:42).
8.2 Source of the Data
There are two kinds of source of data in this research:
The primary data
The primary data is attained through the novel “Olenka’’ by Budi Darma
2. The secondary data
The additional sources of this data’s research are gained from library and internet.
8.3 Data Collecting
In collecting and analyzing the data of the research, the writer of the proposal does the following step:
1. Finding the novel “Olenka“ by Budi Darma, which was issued in 2000 or 2009 by balai pustaka, Jakarta.
2. Reading the novel many times
3. Identifying any data which tells about a human obsession from the novel
8.4. Data Analysis
In this research, the collected data is analyzed descriptively. It means that any data collected from the novel which tells about a human obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma. Obsession is described based on the review of the related literature found in the proposal to produce the theorical description of a human obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma.
8.5 Schedule Of The Research
The proposal will be done in four months and started immediately after this proposal stated succeded by the supervisors or the authorized lecturers of Al Muslim University. To be more detail, the writer also draws it in a simple table as follows:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Darma, Budi. 2000. Olenka. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka
Ratih, Rina. 2003. “Pendekatan Intertekstual Dalam Karya Sastra” dalam Metodologi Penelitian Sastra, Jabrohim (ed.), hal. 125-133. Yogyakarta: Hanindita Graha Widya.
Adi Setijowati.1986"Beberapa Kecenderungan Gaya Budi Darma dalam Olenka,
Rahmat joko pradopo (1995). Beberapa teori sastra, metode kritik dan penerapan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Anonim, Teori Modern Sastera dan Pennasalahan Sastera Melayu, 1996
Ann Jefferson, Robey, David. 1991. (Second Edition). Modern Literary Theory: A Comparative Introduction.
Beckwith, Francis J. 2003. What Is a Human? What Does It Mean to Be Human? the Christian Research Journal
the Christian Research Journal go to: http://www.equip.org
Coon, Dennis. Introduction to psychology.
Longman dictionary of English language and culture.
Internet:www.google.com/analysisnovel/Jiungpe/s1/sing/2005/jiunkpe-ns-si-2005-11400028-1816-first-love-chapter2. Pdf.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/novel
1.1 Background of the Study
There are some ways to express ideas, especially in a literary work. There is a literary work that brings us to the world of dreams and takes us away from reality. It has to be contrasted with a literary work that needs our interpretations. Literature is a personal expression of feeling including experience, idea, motivation, confidence in the concrete description by using language. Novel is a part of prose form beside short story. The most of people read novel and short story. A novel expresses some aspect of human’s love and existence. Because novel talks about human activities and describes what happened in surrounding, so it is written in long composition. Novel is generally thought of as containing about forty five thousand words or more (Kenney, 1966; 103). So novel is longer narrative than short story and novella.
The above goals can be accessed through analyzing and understanding toward the literary works, novel. What we should bear in mind is that the literature is social phenomenon. It is closely related to the writer, the readers and human life that are described in the story. This product of society which is assumed as social phenomenon and is valued not only lies on its creation side, but also on its content. Perhaps it can be said that the literature occurs from social reaction of writer that the faces in his society to which encourage him to write the story. Thus, to study the literary works means to learn a social life. It means that the work of literary is an understanding about beings, life, culture, ideology, character as well as the issues the comprehensively pertains in human life (Semi, 1993:33).
Regarding to the above facts, Budi Darma, one of the novelist has represented various visions and outlooks of life in his works. One of his popular works is “Olenka” novel which portrays many phenomenon of life. One of the most well-known novels written by Budi Darma is “Olenka”
As literary work, Olenka can be classified into some characteristic and psychology, didactic, values, non-religious, social, and life style. It appears that the novel based on many plot style and story in which characteristic and psychology values contains about a obsession in the main characteristic that is discussed in the arrangement of coherent beautiful language and American condition background but still use language Indonesia so that the reader find it easier to understand the message revealing in the novel and used it as venues in having the broadness of knowledge in comprehensively studying literatures realm that what they probably haven’t studied before.
1.2 Problem of the Research
The probelem of the research are explained as follows:
1. What kinds of obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
2. How is the concept of obsession as reflected in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
1.3 Purpose of the research
According to the above research question, the purpose of the researches are as the following:
1. To described kinds of obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma?
2. To explain the concept of obsession as reflected in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma
1.4 Scope of the research
With the broadness of the research in this novel, the researcher tries to limit the research by discusing or analyzing the concept of obsession containing in the novel of “Olenka“.
1.5 The significance of the research
3. Theorically, the result of this literary research can be used as a means to understand the concept of obsession.
4. Practically, the result of this research is intended to be a reference for another researcher to work on literature.
1.6 Definition of the key terms
1. Novel
Novel is a popular form of literature, in which fictional depictions of life and events are described in written prose. It derives from Italian word, novella which means for new, news, or short story of something new. Novel is long written prose which consist of more than 40.000 words and is more complex than short story with the unlimited of neither structural nor metrical.
A novel is a long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century.
The further definition of the genre is historically difficult. Most of the criteria (such as artistic merit, fictionality, a design to create an epic totality of life, a focus on history and the individual) are arbitrary and designed to raise further debates over qualities that will supposedly separate great works of literature from a wider and lower "trivial" production. The debates reach back into an early modern discussion of fiction and into simultaneous attempts to redefine the task history in the modern societies. A new field of literature was eventually defined in the 18th century in order to give works of "art" a place of their own – a place novel defend with a focus on the individual and more individualistic narratives. The personal memory and the autobiography are the closest relatives as essentially personal though not necessarily individualistic histories.
Literature is the art of written works. Literally translated, the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter), and therefore the academic study of literature is known as Letters (as in the phrase "Arts and Letters"). In Western culture the most basic written literary types include fiction and nonfiction
2. A human
Anthropologists define human beings by their use of language, their organization in complex societies, and their development of technology, and especially by their ability to form groups and institutions for mutual support and assistance.
Juvenile males are known as boys and adult males as men. Juvenile females are known as girls and adult females as women. Human beings are commonly referred to individually as persons or people and collectively as man, mankind, humanity, or the human race, while humans is used both for the collective and for individuals.
3. Obsession
Obsession, from Latin obsidere (to besiege), is a form of insanity caused, according to traditional belief, by the persistent attack of an invading spirit from outside the individual. Obsession is the opposite of possession, control by an invading spirit from within. Both, however, involve the usurpation of the person's individuality and control of the body by a foreign and discarnate entity
1.7 Review of the related literature
Theories are considered necessary in making an analysis in every field of study. In the study of literary works, theories are importan to understand more about the topic. By understand the topic, the reader will enjoys the story more and also appreciate a literary works better. Without knowing the main point or the story of a literary work, the reader will not fell and touch the beauties of a literary work which means he would not recognize the value of a literary work. So, in order to comprehend the story of the novel Olenka by Budi Darma that writer analyze, writer apply some theorist that will help to make the analysis clearer. In this session, the writer explains in details about the related variables underlying in this research.
7.1 Literary theory and literature
One of the fundamental questions of literary theory is "what is literary "?, though many contemporary theorists and literary scholars believe either that “literature” cannot be defined or that it can refer to any use of language. Specific theories are distinguished not only by their methods and conclusions, but even by how they define a “text”. For some scholars of literature, “texts” comprises little more than “books belonging to the western literary canon.” But the principles and methods of literary theory have been applied to non-fiction, popular fiction, film, historical documents, law advertising, etc., in the related field of cultural studies. In fact, some scholars within cultural studies treat cultural events, like fashion or football riots, as “texts” to be interpreted. By this measure, literary theory can be thought of as the general theory of interpretation.
Since theorist of literature often drawn on very heterogeneous tradition of continental philosophy and the philosophy of language, any classification of their approaches is only an approximation. There are many “schools” or types of literary theory, which take different approaches to understanding texts. Most theorists, even among those listed below, combine methods from more than one of these approaches (for instance, the deconstructive approach of Paul de Man drew on a ling tradition of close reading pioneered by the New Critics, and de Man was trained in the European hermeneutic tradition).
7.2 Theory and the Concept of Obsession
The second theory used is concept of obsession. According to Longman dictionary of English language and culture, obsession comes from the word obsess, means to completely fill the mind of someone so that no attentions given to other matters. While the word obsession means fixed and often unreasonable idea, which the mind is continually concerned. In other word, obsession is affixed mind that always occurs in somebody’s mind so that there are no other subject occurs. Obsession is sometimes influenced by the emotional interpretation. Moreover, the emotional interpretation appears to be a complicated function of their experiences and their current life situation. Usually people when experiencing this feeling tend to think on negative ways rather than the positive ones (Atkinson & Hilgard 1953:342). According to Dennis Coon in his book introduction to Psychology: Exploration and Application an obsessions means recurring irrational or disturbing thoughts a person can not prevent. It means that a person with an obsession is not able to prevent himself from thoughts that make him obsessed. A more serious obsession may haunt a person for months or years. A single thought always repeats itself over and over despite all attempts to stop it. (kalat 1990:625) so he concludes that an obsession is a repetitive, unwelcome stream of thought.
1.8 Research Methodology
The methodology of the study is explained as follows:
8.1 Design of the research
This research is conducted through hermeneutic method, which is consist of three parts; understanding, interpreting and applying a text (hartoko, 1986:57). The structure of the text has the signifying system. Futhermore, this signifying system constitute of two aspects; the signifier is a formal form that is used as an indicator, like wise signified is a term that is occupied by signifier or its meaning ( Rahmat, 1995:120)
The connection between signifier and signified are indicated by the appearance of arbitary system. This relation is also called as symbol in which its connection is determined by convention. According to Charles Sander pierce, symbol is thought as the signal that reveals the issues existing in the society. The signifier and signified is out of the similarity or closeness, but it is formed by convention (Burhan, 1995:42).
8.2 Source of the Data
There are two kinds of source of data in this research:
The primary data
The primary data is attained through the novel “Olenka’’ by Budi Darma
2. The secondary data
The additional sources of this data’s research are gained from library and internet.
8.3 Data Collecting
In collecting and analyzing the data of the research, the writer of the proposal does the following step:
1. Finding the novel “Olenka“ by Budi Darma, which was issued in 2000 or 2009 by balai pustaka, Jakarta.
2. Reading the novel many times
3. Identifying any data which tells about a human obsession from the novel
8.4. Data Analysis
In this research, the collected data is analyzed descriptively. It means that any data collected from the novel which tells about a human obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma. Obsession is described based on the review of the related literature found in the proposal to produce the theorical description of a human obsession in the novel Olenka by Budi Darma.
8.5 Schedule Of The Research
The proposal will be done in four months and started immediately after this proposal stated succeded by the supervisors or the authorized lecturers of Al Muslim University. To be more detail, the writer also draws it in a simple table as follows:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Darma, Budi. 2000. Olenka. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka
Ratih, Rina. 2003. “Pendekatan Intertekstual Dalam Karya Sastra” dalam Metodologi Penelitian Sastra, Jabrohim (ed.), hal. 125-133. Yogyakarta: Hanindita Graha Widya.
Adi Setijowati.1986"Beberapa Kecenderungan Gaya Budi Darma dalam Olenka,
Rahmat joko pradopo (1995). Beberapa teori sastra, metode kritik dan penerapan. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Anonim, Teori Modern Sastera dan Pennasalahan Sastera Melayu, 1996
Ann Jefferson, Robey, David. 1991. (Second Edition). Modern Literary Theory: A Comparative Introduction.
Beckwith, Francis J. 2003. What Is a Human? What Does It Mean to Be Human? the Christian Research Journal
the Christian Research Journal go to: http://www.equip.org
Coon, Dennis. Introduction to psychology.
Longman dictionary of English language and culture.
Internet:www.google.com/analysisnovel/Jiungpe/s1/sing/2005/jiunkpe-ns-si-2005-11400028-1816-first-love-chapter2. Pdf.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/novel
2 Komentar untuk "Introduction"
wow the proposal is not finish
That is true...sorry